PIC10F322 Applications – Basic Astable Using NCO (Numerically Controlled Oscillator)

PIC10F322 Applications – Basic Astable Using NCO (Numerically Controlled Oscillator)

The last post I mentioned about the NCO – (Numerically Controlled Oscillator). In short without too much hair loss you can get a astable output on PORTA.2.

The NCO is composed of an Adder, Increment Register, and Accumulator.

How the NCO works.

On the rising edge of the input clock. The value stored in the increment register(s) is added to the value in the Accumulator. When the Accumulator overflows the desired action happens. In this case we will use it to generate a clock signal on A.2.

By selecting the clock source:
NCO1CLKbits.N1CKS to FOSC
NCO1INC to 0xFFFF
NCO1CONbits.N1PFM to fixed duty cycle

We get a 500Khz, output.

So, how do we change it to some other frequency.

Here is the math {Desired Freq}x 2 x 2^20 / {CPU Frequency}
330,000 x 2 = 660,000 x 1048576 = 692,060,160,000 / 16000000 = 43,253.76 – Round it to 43,254 or (0xA8F6)

We replace – 0xFFFF value we are setting the NCO1INC with 0xA8F6 – to get… very very close to 330Khz

Some other things to keep in mind..

Apparently the datasheet is wrong – this is the correct NCO clock source select bits below.

bit 1-0 NxCKS<1:0>: NCOx Clock Source Select bits
11 = LC1OUT
10 = HFINTOSC (16 MHz)
01 = FOSC
00 = NCO1CLK pin

You can also use the NCO1CLK pin – as a clock input and provide your own clock source and use the NCO to divide this clock.

Also, which I haven’t experimented with it yet, NCO1CONbits.N1PFM can be set to operate in Pulse Frequency mode. When the overflow of the Accumulator happens, it will generate a pulse – the width of the pulse is defined by

N1PWS<2:0>: NCO1 Output Pulse Width Select bits
111 = 128 NCOx clock periods
110 = 64 NCOx clock periods
101 = 32 NCOx clock periods
100 = 16 NCOx clock periods
011 = 8 NCOx clock periods
010 = 4 NCOx clock periods
001 = 2 NCOx clock periods
000 = 1 NCOx clock periods

So, could you use a PIC10F322 to replace an 8284 clock generator to generate the necessary 33% duty cycle to drive an 8088 clock? Perhaps, we will poke at that later to see.

Here is the code

#include <xc.h>
#include <stdint.h>

//Device Configuration
#pragma config FOSC = INTOSC  // Oscillator Selection 
#pragma config BOREN = ON    // Brown-out Reset
#pragma config WDTE = OFF    // Watchdog Timer
#pragma config PWRTE = ON    // Power-up Timer
#pragma config MCLRE = OFF   // MCLR Pin Function Select bit->MCLR pin function is digital input, MCLR internally tied to VDD
#pragma config CP = OFF      // Code Protection 
#pragma config LVP = OFF     // Low-Voltage Programming 
#pragma config LPBOR = ON    // Brown-out Reset Selection bits
#pragma config BORV = LO    // Brown-out Reset Voltage Selection
#pragma config WRT = OFF    // Flash Memory Self-Write Protection

//Used to calculate the delay time - Change depending on processor Speed
#define _XTAL_FREQ 16000000  //16Mhz



//Prototypes
void setup(void);


void main(void)
{
    setup();
    
    while(1)
    {
            
        
    }
}

void setup(void)
{    
    //Set the System Clock - You can change this to match the setting you are looking for
    OSCCONbits.IRCF = 0b111;  //Set System Clock to 16Mhz FOSC/4 = 4Mhz
 
    TRISAbits.TRISA2 = 0; //Make sure to Set A.2 to output - otherwise does not work.
    
    NCO1CLKbits.N1CKS = 0b01; //Clock Source Select bits - Set to FOSC
    NCO1INC  = 0xFFFF; //Adder value
    NCO1CONbits.N1PFM = 0; //NCO operates in Fixed Duty Cycle mode
    
     NCO1CONbits.N1EN = 1; //Enable NCO
     NCO1CONbits.N1OE = 1; //Enable Output   
    
   
}

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